Shanghai ni umwe mu mijyi 38 y’amateka n’umuco yagenwe n’inama y’igihugu mu 1986. Umujyi wa Shanghai washinzwe ku butaka hashize imyaka 6.000.Ku ngoma ya Yuan, mu 1291, Shanghai yashinzwe ku mugaragaro nka "Intara ya Shanghai".Mu gihe cy'ingoma ya Ming, ako karere kazwiho ibigo byinshi by’ubucuruzi n’imyidagaduro kandi byari bizwi cyane nk "umujyi uzwi cyane mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba".Mu bihe bya nyuma ya Ming n'ingoma ya mbere ya Qing, agace k'ubutegetsi bwa Shanghai kahindutse kandi gahoro gahoro gahinduka umujyi wa Shanghai muri iki gihe.Nyuma y'intambara ya Opium mu 1840, ibihugu by'ibwami byatangiye gutera Shanghai maze hashyirwaho uturere tworohereza umujyi.Abongereza bashizeho igitekerezo mu 1845, bakurikirwa n’abanyamerika n’Abafaransa mu 1848-1849.Ubwumvikane bw’Abongereza n’Abanyamerika bwaje guhuzwa hanyuma bwitwa "Gutura Mpuzamahanga".Mu gihe kirenga ikinyejana, Shanghai yabaye ikibuga cyakinirwamo abanyamahanga bateye.Mu 1853, "Umuryango muto w'inkota" muri Shanghai wasubije impinduramatwara ya Taiping maze bakora imyigaragambyo yitwaje intwaro yo kurwanya imperialism hamwe n'ingoma ya feodal ya guverinoma ya Qing, bigarurira umujyi kandi baharanira amezi 18.Muri Mouvement ya kane Gicurasi 1919, abakozi ba Shanghai, abanyeshuri, n’abantu b'ingeri zose bagiye mu myigaragambyo, basiba amasomo, banga gukora, bagaragaza byimazeyo gukunda igihugu no kurwanya imperialiste no kurwanya feodal y'abaturage ba Shanghai. .Muri Nyakanga 1921, muri Shanghai habaye Kongere ya mbere y’igihugu y’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ry’Ubushinwa.Muri Mutarama 1925, ingabo za Beiyang zinjiye muri Shanghai maze guverinoma y'icyo gihe i Beijing ihindura uwo mujyi "umujyi wa Shanghai-Suzhou".Ku ya 29 Werurwe 1927, hashyizweho guverinoma y’agateganyo idasanzwe y’agateganyo ya Shanghai maze ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1930, ihinduka izina ry’Umujyi wihariye wa Shanghai.Nyuma y’ishyirwaho rya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa mu 1949, Shanghai yabaye komini iyobowe n’ikigo.
Shanghai ni ikigo gikomeye cyubukungu, umuco, nubucuruzi mubushinwa.Ahantu hihariye h’amateka n’amateka akomeye y’umuco byatumye Shanghai iba umujyi udasanzwe, ushingiye ku "bukerarugendo bwo mu mijyi."Impande zombi zumugezi wa Pujiang zizamuka kumurongo, zifite amabara meza nuburyo butandukanye, kandi inyubako ndende zuzuzanya kandi ni nziza kimwe, nkindabyo ijana zirabye.
Umugezi wa Huangpu witwa uruzi rwa nyina wa Shanghai.Umuhanda uri iruhande rw'umugezi wa nyina, uzwi ku izina ry'umuhanda w'ingoro z'umurage w'ubwubatsi mpuzamahanga, ni Bund izwi cyane muri Shanghai.Bund iva mu kiraro cya Waibaidu mu majyaruguru igana Umuhanda wa Yan'an mu majyepfo, uburebure bwa metero zirenga 1500.Shanghai yahoze izwi nka paradizo yabadiventiste kandi Bund yari ishingiro rikomeye ryubusahuzi bwabo nibitekerezo byabo.Kuri uyu muhanda mugufi, amabanki menshi y’amahanga n’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amabanki ya Leta yarateranijwe.Bund yabaye ikigo cya politiki n’imari by’abashakisha zahabu bo mu Burengerazuba muri Shanghai kandi bigeze kwitwa "Wall Street yo mu Burasirazuba bwa kure" mu bihe bikomeye.Inyubako yubatswe ku ruzi itunganijwe neza kandi ifite uburebure butandukanye, byerekana amateka agezweho ya Shanghai.Itwaye umurage mwinshi cyane mumateka numuco.
Izina ryuzuye ry’imurikagurisha ku isi ni imurikagurisha ry’isi, rikaba ari imurikagurisha rinini mpuzamahanga ryakiriwe na guverinoma y'igihugu kandi ryitabiriwe n'ibihugu byinshi cyangwa imiryango mpuzamahanga.Ugereranije n’imurikagurisha rusange, Imurikagurisha ryisi rifite ibipimo bihanitse, igihe kirekire, igipimo kinini, hamwe n’ibihugu byinshi byitabira.Dukurikije amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’imurikagurisha, Imurikagurisha ry’isi rigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri ukurikije imiterere yabyo, igipimo cyabyo, nigihe cyo kumurika.Icyiciro kimwe ni Imurikagurisha ry’isi ryanditswe, rizwi kandi ku izina rya "World Expression Expression", rifite insanganyamatsiko yuzuye hamwe n’ibintu byinshi byerekanwe, ubusanzwe bimara amezi 6 kandi bigakorwa rimwe mu myaka 5.Imurikagurisha ry’isi mu Bushinwa mu mwaka wa 2010 riri muri iki cyiciro.Ikindi cyiciro ni imurikagurisha ryamenyekanye ku isi, rizwi kandi ku izina rya "World World Expression", rifite insanganyamatsiko y’umwuga, nk'ibidukikije, ikirere, inyanja, ubwikorezi ku butaka, imisozi, igenamigambi ry’imijyi, ubuvuzi, n'ibindi. Ubu bwoko bw'imurikagurisha ni ntoya mubipimo kandi mubisanzwe bimara amezi 3, byakozwe rimwe hagati yimurikabikorwa ryisi ibiri ryanditswe.
Kuva imurikagurisha rya mbere rya kijyambere ryabereye i Londres mu 1851 na guverinoma y'Ubwongereza, ibihugu by’iburengerazuba byatewe inkunga kandi bifuza kwerekana ibyo bagezeho ku isi, cyane cyane Amerika n'Ubufaransa, byakunze kwakira imurikagurisha ry’isi.Kwakira World Expos byateje imbere cyane inganda zubuhanzi n’ibishushanyo, ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, n’inganda z’ubukerarugendo.Mu gice cya mbere cyikinyejana cya 20, ingaruka mbi z’intambara ebyiri z’isi yose zagabanije cyane amahirwe yo kwerekana imurikagurisha ry’isi, kandi nubwo ibihugu bimwe byagerageje kwakira imurikagurisha rito ry’umwuga, kutagira amategeko ahuriweho n’ubuyobozi n’imitunganyirize byari ikibazo .Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere imurikagurisha ry’isi ku isi hose, Ubufaransa bwafashe iya mbere bwo gukusanya abahagarariye ibihugu bimwe na bimwe i Paris kugira ngo baganire kandi bemeze Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’imurikagurisha, anemeza ko hashyirwaho Biro mpuzamahanga y’imurikagurisha nk’umuryango w’imicungire yemewe ya World Expos, ushinzwe yo guhuza kwakira imurikagurisha ryisi mubihugu.Kuva icyo gihe, imiyoborere ya World Expos yarushijeho gukura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2023
